前言
Mysql 采用多線程進(jìn)行復(fù)制是從 Mysql 5.6 開始支持的內(nèi)容,但是 5.6 版本下有缺陷,雖然支持多線程,但是每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫只能一個(gè)線程,也就是說如果我們只有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫,則主從復(fù)制時(shí)也只有一個(gè)線程在工作。相當(dāng)于還是以前的單線程。 從 Mysql 5.7 開始支持同一數(shù)據(jù)庫下并行主從復(fù)制。不過默認(rèn)情況下,還是單數(shù)據(jù)庫單個(gè)線程,如果需要使用多線程,需要在從節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行配置。
Mysql 5.7 對(duì)主從復(fù)制增加了一種類型,共有兩種類型,如下:
下面的步驟,在從節(jié)點(diǎn)上進(jìn)行配置。
查看當(dāng)前配置
在開始配置之前,我們先看一下當(dāng)前配置下的主從復(fù)制的進(jìn)程數(shù)。
mysql> show processlist; +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | 1 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 91749 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL | | 2 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 208 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL | | 37 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
從上面看出只有一個(gè)主進(jìn)程在等待同步。
下面查看復(fù)制類型和并行數(shù)量配置
mysql> show variables like 'slave_parallel_type'; +---------------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+----------+ | slave_parallel_type | DATABASE | +---------------------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
當(dāng)前的復(fù)制類型是 DATABASE,也就是統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)庫下只有一個(gè)線程進(jìn)行復(fù)制,不能并行復(fù)制。
mysql> show variables like 'slave_parallel_workers'; +------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------+ | slave_parallel_workers | 0 | +------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
當(dāng)前并行工作的進(jìn)程數(shù)是 0
配置多線程
1、停止從節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)制
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2、設(shè)置復(fù)制類型為 LOGICAL_CLOCK
mysql> set global slave_parallel_type='logical_clock'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'slave_parallel_type'; +---------------------+---------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+---------------+ | slave_parallel_type | LOGICAL_CLOCK | +---------------------+---------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3、設(shè)置并行數(shù)量為 4
mysql> set global slave_parallel_workers=4; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'slave_parallel_workers'; +------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------+ | slave_parallel_workers | 4 | +------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、啟動(dòng)從節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)制
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
5、查看一下當(dāng)前工作的線程數(shù)
mysql> show processlist; +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | 37 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | | 38 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 8 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL | | 39 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 7 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL | | 40 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 8 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL | | 41 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 8 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL | | 42 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 8 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL | | 43 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 8 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL | +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
最后說一下為什么需要多線程復(fù)制?因?yàn)橹鲝闹g的同步會(huì)有延時(shí),多線程的目的是為了盡量減少這個(gè)延時(shí)時(shí)間。雖然如何優(yōu)化主從是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的功能,不同的場(chǎng)景需要不同的解決方案,但是多線程至少從基礎(chǔ)上能減少延遲時(shí)間。另外根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫的實(shí)際情況,能否真正減少延時(shí),以及配置多少線程,則需要反復(fù)的測(cè)試得出適合自己的數(shù)據(jù)。
總結(jié)
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