如何使用python對數據庫(mysql)進行操作

來源：懂視網責編：小采時間：2020-11-27 14:24:58

如何使用python對數據庫(mysql)進行操作

如何使用python對數據庫(mysql)進行操作:一、數據庫基本操作1. 想允許在數據庫寫中文，可在創建數據庫時用下面命令create database zcl charset utf8;2. 查看students表結構desc students;3. 查看創建students表結構的語句show create table students;4. 刪除數據庫d

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導讀如何使用python對數據庫(mysql)進行操作:一、數據庫基本操作1. 想允許在數據庫寫中文，可在創建數據庫時用下面命令create database zcl charset utf8;2. 查看students表結構desc students;3. 查看創建students表結構的語句show create table students;4. 刪除數據庫d

一、數據庫基本操作

1. 想允許在數據庫寫中文，可在創建數據庫時用下面命令

create database zcl charset utf8;

2. 查看students表結構

desc students;

3. 查看創建students表結構的語句

show create table students;

4. 刪除數據庫

drop database zcl;

5. 創建一個新的字段

alter table students add column nal char(64);

PS: 本人是很討厭上面這種“簡單解釋+代碼”的博客。其實我當時在mysql終端寫了很多的實例，不過因為當時電腦運行一個看視頻的軟件，導致我無法Ctrl+C/V。現在懶了哈哈~~

二、python連接數據庫

python3不再支持mysqldb。其替代模塊是PyMySQL。本文的例子是在python3.4環境。

1. 安裝pymysql模塊

pip3 install pymysql

2. 連接數據庫，插入數據實例

import pymysql
#生成實例，連接數據庫zcl
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游標，當前實例所處狀態
cur = conn.cursor()
#插入數據
reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Jack','man',25,1351234,"CN"))
reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Mary','female',18,1341234,"USA"))

conn.commit() #實例提交命令

cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

查看結果:

mysql> select* from students;+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
2 rows in set

3. 獲取數據

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select* from students')

res = cur.fetchone() #獲取一條數據
res2 = cur.fetchmany(3) #獲取3條數據
res3 = cur.fetchall() #獲取所有(元組格式)
print(res)
print(res2)
print(res3)
conn.commit()

cur.close()
conn.close()

輸出:

(1, 'zcl', 'man', 22, '15622341234', None)
((2, 'alex', 'man', 30, '15622341235', None), (5, 'Jack', 'man', 25, '1351234', 'CN'), (6, 'Mary', 'female', 18, '1341234', 'USA'))
()

三、事務回滾

事務回滾是在數據寫到數據庫前執行的，因此事務回滾conn.rollback()要在實例提交命令conn.commit()之前。只要數據未提交就可以回滾，但回滾后ID卻是自增的。請看下面的例子:

插入3條數據(注意事務回滾):

import pymysql
#連接數據庫zcl
conn=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游標，當前實例所處狀態
cur=conn.cursor()
#插入數據
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Jack', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN"))
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', ('Jack2', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN"))
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Mary', 'female', 18, 1341234, "USA"))

conn.rollback() #事務回滾
conn.commit() #實例提交命令

cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

未執行命令前與執行命令后(包含回滾操作)(注意ID號): 未執行上面代碼與執行上面代碼的結果是一樣的!!因為事務已經回滾，故students表不會增加數據!

mysql> select* from students;+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
4 rows in set

執行命令后(不包含回滾操作):只需將上面第11行代碼注釋。

mysql> select* from students;+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
7 rows in set

總結：雖然事務回滾了，但ID還是自增了，不會因回滾而取消，但這不影響數據的一致性（底層的原理我不清楚~）

四、批量插入數據

import pymysql
#連接數據庫zcl
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游標，當前實例所處狀態
cur = conn.cursor()
li = [
 ("cjy","man",18,1562234,"USA"),
 ("cjy2","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
 ("cjy3","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
 ("cjy4","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
 ("cjy5","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
]

#插入數據
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into students(name,sex,age,tel,nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', li)

#conn.rollback() #事務回滾
conn.commit() #實例提交命令

cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

pycharm下輸出: 5

mysql終端顯示:

mysql> select* from students; 　 #插入數據前+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
7 rows in set


mysql> mysql> select* from students;　　　#插入數據后+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 13 | cjy | man | 18 | 1562234 | USA |
| 14 | cjy2 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
| 15 | cjy3 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
| 16 | cjy4 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
| 17 | cjy5 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
12 rows in set

學完的東西要及時總結，有些東西忘記了阿~_~

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